The bottom was dominated by large Large fish known to have inhabited the sea include the bony fishes The centra became more elongated at the middle of the neck, but became shorter again at the back of the neck, with the length and breadth being about equal at the 61st vertebra, and those of the hindmost vertebrae being broader than long. The oceans were the habitat for In the same Pierre deposits, such discoveries as the Late Cretaceous Lamniform Shark have been found, For years it was assumed that the smaller plesiosaurs would have been land-bound enough to have laid their eggs upon sandy beaches much like modern Reptilia. A humerus of an unidentified subadult elasmosaurid was found with bite marks matching the teeth of the shark The soft, muddy sea floor probably received very little sunlight, but it teemed with life due to steady rains of organic debris from plankton and other organisms farther up the water column. He considered Elasmosauridae to be closest to the Pliosauridae, noting their relatively narrow coracoids as well as their lack of interclavicles or clavicles. Further back in the front part of the neck, around the 25th vertebra, the lower edge of the articular facets became more concave, and the facet shaped like a quadrate with rounded edges. The articular surfaces of the vertebrae in the front of the neck were broad oval, and moderately deepened, with rounded, thickened edges, with an excavation (or cavity) at the upper and lower sides. In a reply to Leidy, Cope claimed that he had been misled by the fact that Leidy had arranged the vertebrae of Because of Cope's reputation as a brilliant paleontologist, it has been questioned why he would make such an obvious anatomical error.

During the Late Cretaceous Period when Elasmosauruspaddled the earth, the Western Interior Sea sat upon the land of what is today known as North America.

This is a very large type of Plesiosaur. The unusual body structure of elasmosaurids would have limited the speed at which they could swim, and their paddles may have moved in a manner similar to the movement of oars rowing, and due to this, could not twist and were thus held rigidly. It is believed that after birth, plesiosaur would behave as modern whales regarding parental care of birthed young.First, what were thought to be egg-bearers were in fact live-bearers (It takes much time and study by enthusiasts-turned-professionals who are willing to continuously extrapolate and build upon evidences found. Where the earliest EThis genus lived during the Late Cretaceous Period and became extinct during the K-T mass extinction approximately 65 million years ago. By the 63rd vertebra, the articular facet was also quadratic in shape with rounded edges, whereas the centra of the hindmost vertebrae had a broad oval outline.The neural arches of the neck vertebrae were well fused to the centra, leaving no visible sutures, and the neural canal was narrow in the front vertebrae, becoming more prominently developed in the hind vertebrae, where it was as broad as high, and almost circular. A.In a 1918 review of the geographic distribution and evolution of In subsequent years, Elasmosauridae came to be one of three groups in which plesiosaurs were classified, the others being the In 1940 Theodore White published a hypothesis on the interrelationships between different plesiosaurian families. The First Fossil of Elasmosaurus Was Discovered in Kansas. The centra differed in shape depending on the position of the vertebrae in the neck; that of the third vertebra was about as long as it was broad, but the centra became longer than broad from the fourth vertebra and onwards. Scott talks about his favorite dinosaurs, the Pachycephalosaurs, and the controversial theories on classification and what it used that thick skull for. Plesiosaurs were even believed to have been able to maintain a constant and high body temperature (homeothermy), allowing for susta… However, scientists now realize that plesiosaur gave birth to live young. It was given its name that very year a name which means ribbon lizard. They were very graceful swimmers and had extremely longnecks to catch fish with; Elasmosaurus lived around the world from N. America to Asia, there were several Elasmosaurids such the Thalassomodon, Goniosaurus, Aphrosaurus and Futabasaurus. Elasmosaurus is an extinct plesiosaur which lived approximately 80 to 65 million years ago during the Late Cretaceous Period. The researchers concluded that lateral and vertical arches and shallow S-shaped curves were feasible in contrast to the "The exact function of the neck of elasmosaurids is unknown,In 1869 Cope noted that scales and teeth of six species of fish had been discovered directly beneath the vertebrae of the Although elasmosaurids are commonly found with several gastroliths, Elasmosaurid remains provide some evidence they were preyed upon.


His diagnosis of the Elasmosauridae also noted the moderate length of the skull (i.e., a mesocephalic skull); the neck ribs having one or two heads; the scapula and coracoid contacting at the midline; the blunted rear outer angle of the coracoid; and the pair of openings (fenestrae) in the scapula–coracoid complex being separated by a narrower bar of bone compared to pliosaurids. In the case of While the questionable business of recovering and selling dinosaur bones was already beginning to see the failings of competitiveness, the How much can our understanding change over a decade? In early 1867, the American army surgeon Theophilus Hunt Turner and the army scout William Comstock explored the rocks around In December 1867 Turner and others from Fort Wallace returned to the site and recovered much of the vertebral column, as well as concretions that contained other bones; the material had a combined weight of 360 kilograms (800 lb). A crest (also termed ridge or keel) ran longitudinally along the side of the neck vertebrae (a feature typical of elasmosaurids), visible from the third to the fifty-fifth vertebrae, at the hind part of the neck.

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