One explanation for this finding is that the hyperactive VLPFC underlies rumination, allowing people to stay focused on their problem. The fitness benefits of forming cooperative bonds with others have long been recognised—during the Pleistocene period, for instance, social ties were vital for food foraging and finding protection from predators.As such, depression is seen to represent an adaptive, risk-averse response to the threat of exclusion from social relationships that would have had a critical impact on the survival and reproductive success of our ancestors. If depression has an evolutionary purpose, it's certainly not obvious. Multiple lines of evidence on the mechanisms and phenomenology of depression suggest that mild to moderate (or "normative") depressed states preserve an individual's inclusion in key social contexts via three intersecting features: a cognitive sensitivity to social risks and situations (e.g., "depressive realism"); it inhibits confident and competitive behaviours that are likely to put the individual at further risk of conflict or exclusion (as indicated by symptoms such as low self-esteem and social withdrawal); and it results in signalling behaviours directed toward significant others to elicit more of their support (e.g., the so-called "cry for help").Another reason depression is thought to be a pathology is that key symptoms, such as loss of interest in virtually all activities, are extremely costly to the sufferer. 2000. Thus, not only do the symptoms of major depression serve as costly and therefore honest signals of need, they also compel reluctant social partners to respond to that need in order to prevent their own fitness from being reduced.It has been hypothesized that depression is an evolutionary adaptation because it helps prevent First, the associated symptoms of depression, such as inactivity and lethargy, encourage the affected individual to rest. 2001. But two evolutionary psychologists theorize that depression's purpose is enhanced mental skills.Sadness focuses the brain's attention on a conflict, and makes you better-equipped to make good decisions.A fascinating New York Times magazine article entitled Several studies found an increase in brain activity (as measured indirectly by blood flow) in the VLPFC of depressed patients.
For evolutionary progress the survival of the group (tribe or whatever) is more important than the survival of the individual. Springer. However, Alongside the absence of pleasure, other noticeable changes include psychomotor retardation, disrupted patterns of sleeping and feeding, a loss of sex drive and motivation—which are all also characteristics of the body's reaction to actual physical pain. In particular, one theory focuses on the personality trait This hypothesis is similar to the social rank hypothesis but focuses more on the importance of avoiding exclusion from social groups, rather than direct dominance contests. Eighty percent of the writers met the formal diagnostic criteria for some form of depression. Since depression certainly massively lowers an individual's chance of survival and reproduction in a harsh natural environment, it could be that depression is a actually a kind of self destruction mechanism used by nature to weed out the continously not-successful (a frequent source of depression) individuals from the group. 2001 A common feature among different emotional states is that they are a response to signals, both external and internal, that are linked to positive reward or harm. Randolph Nesse, a psychiatrist and the director of the Center for Evolution and Medicine at Arizona State University, raises this possibility with regard to the bargaining model.
Depression is an emotional state, and if we are to understand depression in relation to evolution, we must first consider emotions. The subject will not attempt to cope with problems, even when placed in a stressor-free novel environment. It draws on theories of labor strikes developed by economists to basically add one additional element to honest signaling theory: The fitness of social partners is generally correlated.

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