0000103024 00000 n The ozone hole opened the world’s eyes to the global effects of human activity on the atmosphere. We pay our respects to their Elders past, present and emerging. The ozone hole over Antarctica is finally "healing" almost 30 years after the world agreed to ban the chemicals responsible for its creation, researchers say. 0000003046 00000 n Moreover, such predictions assume that people will not change their habits and be more careful about being exposed to the sun.The impacts on animals and plants are even more difficult and could be far more serious because plants, and fish and plankton in particular, cannot easily move out of the sun or adopt extra protection. Large increases in UVB have been observed in Antarctica during Spring.Stratospheric ozone losses have caused a cooling of the global lower stratosphere, which results in less infrared radiation reaching the surface, and offsetting the greenhouse effect.Ozone depletion caused by human-made chemicals is continuing and is expected to persist until chlorine and bromine levels are reduced. 0000043473 00000 n 0000001656 00000 n

Ozone depleting substances are chemicals that include chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), halons, carbon tetrachloride (CClIn 1974, chemists Mario Molina and Frank Sherwood Rowland discovered a link between CFCs and the breakdown of ozone in the stratosphere.

The above information is taken from WHO website Therefore, the ozone depletion in the Arctic is much less than in the Antarctic.About 2% of the light the sun emits is in the form of high-energy, ultraviolet (UV) radiation. 0000000016 00000 n 0000090066 00000 n About 250 As ozone depletion increases the incidence of skin cancer will also increase unless people reduce their exposure accordingly. 0000585124 00000 n When the ozone layer was damaged by the release of CFCs and halon from refrigerants from the 1960s onwards, more UV reached ground level. Total chlorine is declining, but total bromine is still increasing. 0000117153 00000 n Its strong smell allows scientists to detect it in low amounts.About 90% of ozone in the atmosphere is concentrated between 15 and 30 kilometres above the earth's surface (stratospheric ozone). 0000117830 00000 n It is estimated by scientists that for every one per cent decrease in ozone, there could be a 4-6% increase in skin cancers.

The recovery of the ozone layer will be gradual because of the long times required for CFCs to be removed from the atmosphere.We acknowledge the Traditional Owners of country throughout Australia and recognise their continuing connection to land, waters and culture. Since the ozone layer absorbs UVB ultraviolet light from the sun, ozone layer depletion increases surface UVB levels (all else equal), which could lead to damage, including an increase in skin cancer.

As a consequence, Arctic stratospheric air is generally much warmer than in the Antarctic, and fewer clouds form there. xref These gases deplete the ozone layer by releasing chlorine and bromine atoms into the stratesphere, which destroy ozone molecules. < The total combined abundance of ozone-depleting compounds in the lower atmosphere peaked in about 1994 and is now slowly declining. The ozone layer in the upper atmosphere, or stratosphere, absorbs harmful ultraviolet rays from the sun. 0000090395 00000 n 0000003458 00000 n 0000186701 00000 n 0000097185 00000 n Firstly, the ozone layer in the mid-latitude (e.g. This is partly because UVA, which has also b… 0000117497 00000 n 0000093727 00000 n It is calculated from the area on the Earth that is enclosed by a line with a constant value of 220 Dobson Units. The South Pole is part of a very large land mass (Antarctica) that is completely surrounded by ocean. 0000103642 00000 n 0000573454 00000 n 0000009435 00000 n These substances have applications in refrigerators, airconditioners, fire extinguishers, aerosols, agricultural fumigants, in foam and as solvents for cleaning electronic equipment.CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons), halons, CHCCl (Methyl chloroform), CCl(Carbon tetrachloride), HCFCs (hydro-chlorofluorocarbons), hydrobromofluorocarbons and methyl bromide are directly implicated in the depletion of the ozone layer. Although decreases in stratospheric ozone are well-tied to CFCs and increases in surface UVB, there is no direct observational evidence linking ozone depletion to higher incidence of skin cancer and eye damage in human beings. Phase out of HCFCs (hydrochlorofluorocarbons) begins Ozone is a naturally occurring molecule. 0000002914 00000 n Ozone is Earth's natural sunscreen. The ozone hole forms each year when there is a sharp decline (currently up to 60%) in the total ozone over most of Antarctica for a period of about two months during September and October. 0000002147 00000 n 0000090641 00000 n As these emissions cease, the ozone layer will gradually improve over the next several decades. They can eventually migrate upward into the stratosphere.The ozone hole was first detected over Antarctica when scientists compared the amount of ozone found in the early 1980s with measurements dating back to 1956. This series of satellite images shows the ozone hole on the day of its maximum depth each year from 1979 through 2019. 0000001979 00000 n 0000108507 00000 n The good news is that this hole isn't getting any larger. The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (the Montreal Protocol) came into effect in 1987. The ozone hole was first detected over Antarctica when scientists compared the amount of ozone found in the early 1980s with measurements dating back to 1956. So the depletion of the ozone layer caused legitimate concern and prompted the establishment of the “Montreal protocol” designed to eliminate ozone-damaging pollutants and repair the ozone hole. 0000116924 00000 n The good news is that this hole isn't getting any larger. 0000090458 00000 n

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